Krashen's+Work

// “Acquisition requires meaningful interaction in the target language – natural communication – in which speakers are concerned not with the form of their utterances but with the messages they are conveying and understanding.” -- Stephen D. Krashen  //
 * Stephen D. Krashen ** [[image:http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:Sqq65AlpIAbYIM:http://lingtechguistics.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/krashen.jpg width="109" height="134" align="right"]]

Stephen Krashen completed his Ph.D. in Linguistics at UCLA. Currently, he is an Emeritus Professor of Education at the University of Southern California. He has written over 250 articles and books in the fields of bilingual education, neurolinguistics, second language acquisition and literacy. He has received numerous awards for his work.

__** THE NATURAL APPROACH **__ What is it? Theory developed by Stephen D. Krashen and Tracy Terrell based on the communicative view that language is essentially a set of messages that can be naturally understood. This theory is widely practiced in the United States and is most effectively designed to help beginner L2 learners advance to intermediate level learners.

**How can it be applied in the classroom?**
 * Classroom environment should be rich in motivation and low in anxiety.
 * Best used for beginning level language students.[[image:http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:8-_AxGn2Up4JQM:http://www.sfb441.uni-tuebingen.de/~sam/teach/IntroGenLing/pix.jpeg width="137" height="78" align="right"]]
 * Content should be interesting and relevant to student life.
 * Error correction should be minimalized and not used in free conversation.
 * Students should not be required to produce speech until they are ready to do so

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 * The Natural Approach is based on the following 5 hypotheses:**
 * **Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis:** Language acquistion and language learning are different. Language acquistion is necessary for learning to occur.
 * **The Natural Order Hypothesis:** Grammatical structures are predictable.
 * **The Monitor Hypothesis:** Conscious learning repairs output.
 * **The Input Hypothesis:** Language is acquired best when content is slightly beyond competence.
 * **The Affective Filter Hypothesis:** Learner's emotional state can block acquisition.
 * According to Krashen//...."How do we acquire language?"//**

**RESOURCES FOR PARENTS AND TEACHERS:**

[] (Stephen Krashen's website. This site provides links to more SLA resources, online articles, and useful handouts)
 * SD Krashen.com [[image:http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:XVN7xiaQOVU4UM:http://mitcho.com/photos/taiwan/image/600/dales-brain.jpg width="146" height="124" align="left"]] **

//**

Prinicples and Practice in Second Language Acquisition **// by Stephen D. Krashen [] (Krashen examines the relationship between second language teaching practice and the process of second language acquistion.)

**//Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning//** by Stephen D. Krashen [] (Krashen explores language acquistion and language learning in adult SLA learners.)

**References:** Gass, S.M. $ Selinker, L. (2008). //Second Language Acquistion: An Introductory Course// (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.

Language Education Associates (n.d.). //Stephen d. Krashen//. Retrieved from []

Wilson, Reid ( 2000). //A Summary of Stephen Krashen's " Principles and Practices in Second Langauge Acquisition. // " Retrieved from []

Daiva Berzinskas daivaberz@gmail.com